Cicada! Known for Its Buzzing Sounds and Striking Transformation From Nymph to Adult

Cicadas are truly fascinating insects that captivate our attention with their loud, rhythmic buzzing during warm summer days. These remarkable creatures undergo a unique life cycle known as incomplete metamorphosis, transitioning from nymphs dwelling underground to winged adults taking flight in the skies above. Their existence is marked by extended periods of development underground, followed by a dramatic emergence and a short but impactful lifespan as adults focused solely on reproduction.

The Life Cycle: A Journey from Earth to Sky

Cicadas belong to the order Hemiptera, characterized by their piercing-sucking mouthparts used for feeding on plant sap. Their life cycle unfolds in distinct stages:

• Egg: Female cicadas lay their eggs within slits they create in tree bark or twigs using a sharp ovipositor. These eggs hatch into nymphs after several weeks.

• Nymph: The nymph stage is spent entirely underground, where these immature cicadas burrow and feed on the sap of roots. They undergo a series of molts, shedding their exoskeletons as they grow. This subterranean phase can last for several years, ranging from two to seventeen years depending on the species.

• Emergence: Once mature, nymphs tunnel to the surface and emerge as adults. This emergence is often triggered by temperature cues and soil moisture. The process of shedding their final exoskeleton is a breathtaking transformation, revealing the adult cicada with its wings and intricate body markings.

Adult Cicadas: Masters of Song and Courtship

Emerging adults have only one primary goal – reproduction. They live for a few weeks to a few months, during which time they focus on finding mates and ensuring the continuation of their species. Adult cicadas are known for their distinctive buzzing sounds, produced by vibrating membranes called tymbals located on their abdomen.

The males produce these loud calls to attract females and establish territories. The sound is amplified through cavities in their thorax, creating a powerful chorus that echoes through summer landscapes.

Diversity of Cicada Species:

There are over 3,000 species of cicadas worldwide, exhibiting remarkable diversity in size, color patterns, and song frequencies. Some common cicada species found in Thailand include:

Species	Characteristics
Megapomponia intermedia	Large size, black with orange markings; distinctive buzzing sound
Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata	Smaller size, dark brown to black coloration; high-pitched song
Cryptotympana pusilla	Green body with reddish markings; melodious, flute-like sound

Ecological Role and Significance:

Cicadas play a crucial role in forest ecosystems. They are a source of food for various predators, including birds, reptiles, and mammals. Their underground nymphs also contribute to soil aeration and nutrient cycling. While their mass emergences can temporarily damage vegetation through feeding, the ecological impact is generally minimal.

Conservation Status:

Most cicada species are not considered threatened, thanks to their wide distribution and adaptability. However, habitat loss due to deforestation and urbanization poses a potential risk to some species. Conservation efforts focused on protecting natural forests are crucial for ensuring the survival of these fascinating insects.

Interesting Facts about Cicadas:

• Some cicada species have synchronized emergences, with millions of individuals emerging at once, creating a truly spectacular phenomenon.
• Cicadas are edible and consumed in some cultures.
• Their nymphs can survive for extended periods underground, even up to 17 years in some cases.
• The loud buzzing sound produced by male cicadas is used to attract females and ward off rivals.

Cicadas are a testament to the diversity and wonder of the natural world. Their unique life cycle, complex communication system, and ecological significance make them truly captivating creatures worthy of our admiration and protection.